2.关系副词where引导的定语从句
(1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。
Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.
简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。
(2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career,case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。
3.关系副词why引导的定语从句
关系副词why引导定语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which代替,有时也可以省略。
The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.
因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。
考点四 “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示“整体和部分关系”或所属关系以及同位关系时,常用介词of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are the family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时“介词+where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window)
考点五 as,which引导的定语从句