Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020·武汉学习质量检测)Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 million forestry program，at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset(碳补偿)plans to meet climate goals.The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon，including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.
The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell，as well as a way to meet its climate targets.“We believe that over time we will be building a business，because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited，” they said.Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint(碳排放量)by 2 to 3 percent in five years，which includes emissions from the products it sells.The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products，or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon.However，the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics，as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor.Shell's move has also been criticized by some environmentalists.They worried that there was a risk of “greenwash” when companies invested in forestry projects.“There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，” they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林)to another.
Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forestry program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements.Mark Lewis，head of Climate Change Investment Research at BNP Paribas，said，“Planting trees to offset emissions，as far as it goes，is a step in the right direction.”
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司在接下来的三年时间里，通过资金投入等措施，实施碳补偿计划的相关情况。
1．What is popular among oil companies these days?
A．Studying climate changes.
B．Launching forestry programs.
C．Working out carbon offset plans.
D．Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset plans to meet climate goals”可知，越来越多的石油公司把钱投在碳补偿计划上面，以实现气候目标。由此可知，当前制订自己的碳补偿计划在石油公司中盛行。故选C。
答案：C
2．How will Shell make profits from its carbon offset projects?
A．By quitting the emissions of its products.
B．By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.
C．By limiting the oil used by its own operations.
D．By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products...lower its carbon footprint.”可知，壳牌公司计划从林业项目中获得碳信用额，然后将这些信用额转售给购买其石油和天然气产品的客户，或者将这些信用额用于自己的业务，以降低其碳排放量。故选D。
答案：D
3．What concerns some environmentalists about forestry projects?
A．The projects can't really stop carbon emissions.
B．The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.
C．The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.
D．The projects haven't met strict biodiversity requirements.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation to another”可知，环保主义者担心石油公司在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。故选C。
答案：C
4．What does the underlined word “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Discount. B．Cheat.
C．Decline. D．Change.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor”“There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not”“pointing out that...deforestation to another”可知，环保主义者对林业项目是否真的能降低碳排放存在很大的争议，他们担心在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。由此可推知，画线词的意思与B项的词义相近。
答案：B
词汇积累：Para.1：forestry n．林业 motorist n．驾车者
Para.2：executive n．管理人员 net adj.净的 sell sth.on转售 operation n．活动，业务 Para.3：restore v．恢复；使复原 Para.4：as far as it goes在一定程度上
高级句式：However，the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics，as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor.(Para.3)
分析：based on forestry projects作定语修饰carbon credits；as引导原因状语从句。
译文：然而，基于林业项目的碳信用自愿市场也受到了批评，因为发展中国家的项目很难被监督。
