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请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Public Speaking
Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners. Compared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a “oneway” talking.
There are three types of public speaking. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience about something that they probably did not know before. The important thing to watch is not to put in too much information. Besides, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on. The last type is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.
The key to perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking. Aside from it, a speaker is to know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area. Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and how they are going to face the audience. Last, as is mentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last.
Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. It needs to be used clearly. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean by it. Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audience’s expectations. Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience. For example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it will distract the audience from the topic and confuse them. When speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is not better to do so. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
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Public Speaking
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A common
phenomenon
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In public speaking, often a speaker gives a talk, others just listening, without
1.____________ information.
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Types of
public
speaking
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·An informative speech is to 2.____________ the audience with an appropriate brand new knowledge.
·A persuasive speech is used to convince the audience. Therefore, finding
3．____________ between a speaker and the audience is important.
·A ceremonial speech is relatively 4.____________ and private. However, don’t say bad things even if they are acquaintances.
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Making
5．____________for the speech
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·Know the listeners’ identities and get much information about the topic.
·Know how the “battlefield” is 6.____________ out in advance to plan beforehand.
·Spare time to practice to build confidence and decide the 7.____________ of the presentation.
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Public Speaking
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Presenting the speech
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·8.____________ using ambiguous words and know how to meet the audience’s expectations.
·Use the body language, 9.____________ glancing at a small audience from one person to another.
·Restate important points when closing the speech to give the audience a deep 10.____________．
·End a speech or presentation with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
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答案：1.exchanging/swapping 2.provide/equip
3．similarity/similarities 4.informal/casual
5．preparations 6.laid 7.length/duration/time
8．Avoid 9.like 10.impression
