A
Even if you don't know much about Russian author Maxim Gorky (1868－1936), you may be familiar with his famous poem The Song of the Stormy Petrel since its ending note “Let it break in all its fury！” has been encouraging generations of people for years now.
Gorky was a highly influential author.More than any other writer, he laid the foundations for the famous literary style known as socialist realism.In this kind of writing, the author uses literary techniques to create the impression of reality in his or her writings.
March 16 marked the 152th anniversary of Gorky's birth.
He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty.As he grew older, he would take a job and then quickly move on to another.He tried many jobs, but the one that he seemed to love the most was being a journalist.
It was in this job that he gained a particular impression of the world—that it was horribly inequitable in its treatment of the poor.It was a world, therefore, that had to go.Gorky was naturally attracted to the political movement of Marxian social democracy.He knew many revolutionaries including the most important one of all, Vladimir Lenin(1870－1924)．The two became friends in 1903 and The Song of the Stormy Petrel was one of Lenin's favorite works by Gorky.
As a writer, Gorky naturally valued literature.But he also valued life experience, of which he had plenty.The key to being a modern person, he thought, was to acquire a critical attitude: “Keep reading books, but remember that a book's only a book, and you should learn to think for yourself，” he once said.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位极具影响力的前苏联作家高尔基。文章介绍了他的人生经历和他对文学的影响。
1．What can we learn about Gorky's childhood?
A．He lived an extraordinary life.
B．He tried few jobs.
C．He led a hard life.
D．He grew up by himself.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty.(他出生在一个平凡的家庭，但很快就成了孤儿，由贫困的祖母抚养长大)”可知，高尔基的童年过着艰苦的生活。故选C。
答案：C
2．What does the underlined word inequitable in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Unconditional. B．Unfair.
C．Unreal. D．Unfriendly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“in its treatment of the poor.It was a world, therefore, that had to go.”可知，Gorky认为这是一个必须消失的世界，因为这个世界对待穷人极其不公平。由此可知，画线词inequitable意为“不公平的”。unconditional无条件的；unfair不公平的；unreal不真实的；unfriendly不友好的。故选B。
答案：B
3．Which of the following is TRUE about Gorky?
A．He valued critical thinking.
B．He was of little influence.
C．He was easy to bow before difficulties.
D．He discounted life experience.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The key to being a modern person, he thought, was to acquire a critical attitude：‘Keep reading books, but remember that a book's only a book, and you should learn to think for yourself，’ he once said.(他认为，要成为一个现代人，关键是要养成一种批判的态度：‘坚持读书，但要记住，一本书只是一本书，你应该学会独立思考，’他曾经说过)”可知，A选项“高尔基重视批判性思维”正确。故选A。
答案：A
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Gorky and his family.
B．The hardship Gorky experienced.
C．Gorky's famous works.
D．Gorky's influence in literature and his life.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Gorky was a highly influential author.More than any other writer, he laid the foundations for the famous literary style known as socialist realism.(高尔基是一位极具影响力的作家。与其他作家相比，他为著名的社会主义现实主义文学风格奠定了基础)”以及第四段“He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty.As he grew older, he would take a job and then quickly move on to another.He tried many jobs, but the one that he seemed to love the most was being a journalist.(他出生在一个平凡的家庭，但很快就成了孤儿，由贫困的祖母抚养长大。随着年龄的增长，他找了一份工作，然后迅速跳槽。他尝试过很多工作，但他似乎最喜欢的是当记者)”可知，这篇文章的主要内容是高尔基对文学的影响和他的人生经历。故选D。
答案：D
