Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。 其主要考察:1.了解名词性从句的基本用法,掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用,辨析that与what,if 与whether等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法,及其与强调句的区别。3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。
【备考建议】
高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点,复习主要应该从以下六个方面着手:
1. 名词性从句的语序问题
2.引导词that与what的区别(that在从句中不充当成分,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)
3. it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
4. whether与if的区别
5.名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有:
(1)引导词: 从属连词 that, whether;
连接代词 who, what, which;
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词 when, where, how和why。
(2)语序:陈述句语序
(3)在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
注意: 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子保持平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语,从 而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is+形容词+that...
?It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,common knowledge,a surprise,
a fact,etc.)+that...
?It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that...
?It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
?It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that...|It makes no difference that...
?It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗?
3. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
?How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!