Ⅰ.阅读理解
[2020·太原高三模拟试题(二)]A day in the life of a sun bear is what you might expect from the name: sunny. In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.
But when disturbed by human activity, that changes dramatically. In areas where people are pushing into the sun bear's habitat, the animals are spending 90 percent of their waking time after dark, Effectively, the threat of human presence is making the sun bear change into “the moon bear”．
Led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night. As many animals have already been forced out of their local habitats, others are attempting to avoid interaction with humans by separating themselves in time rather than in space.
For the work, the researchers examined the behaviors of 64 mammal species, including deer, tigers, boars(野猪), and, of course, sun bears. They observed increased nocturnal(夜间发生的) behavior in a large majority of them, with species that are naturally active during the day tending to shift their activity to after dark, and those that are naturally nocturnal becoming more so. The mammals affected ranged across body size, the habitat type, the region of the world, and diet.
Human activity of all sorts affect animals' lives, including activities like hunting, agriculture and land development, harvesting local natural resources, even hiking or walking through wild areas. Sport hunting in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe drove antelopes to spend more of their active waking hours at night, restricting their access to water. Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.
The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.
1．What did the study find?
A．More animals separate themselves in space.
B．Human activity changes animals' way of life.
C．Many animals were pushed out of their local habitats.
D．The sun bear spends over 80% waking time in daylight.
2．What does the underlined word “that” refer to?
A．The sun bear. B．The waking time.
C．Human activity. D．The natural habitat.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A．Antelopes have easier access to water.
B．Coyotes have to prey on new types for survival.
C．Human activity shortens animals' sleeping time.
D．Animals have managed to escape interaction with humans.
4．What does the author want to tell us in the text?
A．Human threat makes the sun bear nocturnal.
B．Animals are badly hurt by human presence.
C．Animals become more adaptable thanks to humans.
D．Ecosystems may be reshaped due to human activity.
