A
Confucius(551 BC－479 BC)was a thinker, educator, and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought.
He was a wellknown leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings.
Confucius’s social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”， which is “loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and slow of speech”．For Confucius, such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule: “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”
Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win people’s support without using any force and keep good order in his state without troubling himself, and that a ruler should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern.
A characteristic of Confucius’s thought is his emphasis(强调) on education and study, “A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost.He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy; these were handed down only through his students.Lun Yu, a book compiled(编纂)by some of his students, is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings.One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, The Spring and Autumn Annals, is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 BC to 481 BC.
Since Confucius’s teachings and philosophy were so advanced, it was the education for China for 2, 000 years.It is called Confucianism.
【解题导语】 本文属于人物传记类文章， 主要介绍了孔子的儒家思想对哲学、政治、教育的影响。
1．The passage mainly discusses ________．
A．Confucius and his great thought
B．the life of Confucius
C．Confucius’s influence on students
D．Confucius’s teaching methods
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学；第四段谈论的是他的政治哲学； 第五段是他的教育观点； 所以A符合句意。
2. Confucius’s philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT ________．
A．humans B．nature
C．the world D．the sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“...helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings”可知没有提到D项。
3．Which of the following expresses Confucius’s educational idea?
A．What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
B．Learning and thinking should go hand in hand.
C．“Loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．
D．A ruler should love and care about his people.
B 解析：细节理解题。A、C都反映了他的社会观， D反映了他的政治观， 从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4. We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who ________．
A．is old and experienced enough
B．learns but doesn’t think
C．does things according to good old ways
D．thinks a lot but doesn’t learn
C 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第三段中“A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人，因此选C。
