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(2020·蚌埠模拟)
Knowing which of these statements have been proved by SCIENCE — and which are MYTHS (谬论) — could improve your health. Here are some health facts your doctor wants you to know.
Not all heart attacks have a symptom (症状) of chest pain.
Truth! A 2012 study of more than 1. 1 million heart attack patients found that 31 percent of men and 42 percent of women didn’t have any chest pain before being hospitalized. Call 911 for other symptoms, too, including shortness of breath, light-headedness, and pain elsewhere in the upper body.
You do not need eight glasses of water every day.
Truth! There is not any scientific evidence that eight is the magic number. You might need more or less than that, depending on factors (因素) such as climate and body size. To make sure you are getting enough, just drink water throughout the day.
You need less sleep as you get older.
Myth! Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them. But that doesn’t mean they require less sleep. While sleep needs vary from person to person, most adults should get at least seven hours of sleep for health.
Reading in dim (昏暗的) light will harm your eyes.
Myth! It might tire your eyes in the short term, but there’s no evidence that it will do any lasting damage. When reading, position light to shine directly on the page rather than from over your shoulder to reduce unpleasant bright light.
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。作者在文中向大家分别澄清了四条传言的真假, 同时给出了科学的解释。
1. Which of the following has been proved to be true?
A. You are in need of much less sleep as you get older.
B. Reading in dim light does lasting damage to your eyes.
C. Some heart attacks don’t have a symptom of chest pain.
D. You must get more than eight glasses of water every day.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。通过文中四个小标题及小标题下对应的“Truth! (事实)”“Myth! (虚构的事)”即可确定答案。第一个小标题“Not all heart attacks have a symptom of chest pain. ”意为: 不是所有的心脏病都有胸痛的症状, 也就是说有一些心脏病没有胸痛的症状。故C选项正确。
2. According to the text, what may be the result of using drugs?
A. Heart attacks. B. Weak eyes.
C. Less sleep. D. Shortness of breath.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下“Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them. ”可知, 年龄大一点的成年人常常睡得少, 一方面是由更为常见的严重老年疾病导致的, 一方面与用来治疗这些疾病的药物有关。由此可知, 使用药物有可能导致睡得少。故C选项正确。
3. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To inform. B. To entertain.
C. To advertise. D. To praise.
【解析】选A。写作意图题。由文章第一段中的“Here are some health facts your doctor wants you to know. (以下是一些医生想要你知道的关于健康的事实。)”可知, 这篇文章目的是想给大家普及一些健康知识。故A选项正确。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them.
分析: 本句是主从复合句。that are more common with age是定语从句, 修饰conditions; used to treat them是过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰drugs。
翻译: 老年人经常因为更为常见的严重老年疾病和治疗这些疾病的药物而睡眠不足。
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