[2019·Äϲý¶þÄ£]Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.

   A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig­Maximilians­Universität (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.

    According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: “Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives£¿” The participants were faced with a hypothetical(¼ÙÉèµÄ) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.

The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(ÎÞÃûµÄ) humans.

        “This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot£¬” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function — to be of help to us.”

1£®What has become a concern about robots?

A£®How to humanize them.

B£®How to treat them in life.

C£®How to use them effectively.

D£®How to find more applications.

2£®In the study the participants probably have to decide ________.

A£®when to sacrifice a robot

B£®where to experience risks

C£®which robot to work with

D£®what robots should be like

3£®What can be inferred from Paulus' words?

A£®Humanized robots offer less help to people.

B£®Humanizing robots too much may be improper.

C£®Certain moral status should be attached to robots.

D£®Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.

4£®Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A£®Robots, a Must for Future

B£®Humanized Robots, a New Trend

C£®Robots Saved, People Take the Hit

D£®Humanized Robots Replace Human