CH2===CHCH3+Br2―→CH2Br—CHBrCH3
CH2===CHCH3+HBr―→CH3—CHBrCH3(或BrCH2CH2CH3)
CH≡CH+HClCH2===CHCl
③醇与氢卤酸的取代反应。例如:
R—OH+HXR—X+H2O
(2)羟基的引入
①醇羟基的引入
a.烯烃与水加成生成醇。例如:
CH2===CH2+H2OH2SO4或H3PO4加热、加压CH3CH2OH
b.卤代烃在强碱性溶液中水解生成醇。例如:
CH3CH2—Br+NaOHH2O△CH3CH2—OH+NaBr
c.醛或酮与氢气加成生成醇。例如:
CH3CHO+H2Ni△CH3CH2—OH
CH3COCH3+H2Ni△
d.酯水解生成醇。例如:
CH3COOCH2