(一)考点聚焦
综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中,考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道,动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。然而,英语时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题, 这样无形中增加了试题的难度。其实,纵观近几年的时态语态题,我们不难发现其命题的三个角度:一是直接给定时间状语,考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给定时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性,考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择;三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必须仔细分析语境,才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。
(二)真题再现与技巧点播
答题时,研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的时间参考信息,如:havent said, was doing等,这些表达中都含有时间信息,发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路:
① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些?
② 这个动作处于什么时态,是进行中,还是已经结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些?
③ 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案,试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。具体技巧如下:
(一)根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态
1.---The window is dirty.
--- I know. It ________ for weeks. (04全国卷III)
A.hasnt clean B.didnt clean
C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned
答案:D 根据时间状语for weeks可知道用现在完成时,表示已经有好几周没擦窗了。并且主语It (即the window)与clean 是被动关系,故选D
2.Scientists think that the continents always where they today. (05北京)
A.arent; are B.arent; were C.werent; are D.werent; were
答案:C 本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态,故淘汰B、D两项,又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比,因此,应选择C项。
3.They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏)
A.had been working; are still working B.had worked; were still working
C.have worked; were still working D.have worked; are still working
答案:A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时,表示他们一直工作了一周,强调动作的连续。故答案为A。
4.The country life he was used to greatly since 1992. (05山东)
A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed
答案:B句中有since引导时间状语,这说明主句应为完成时,淘汰A、C。又因主语life为单数,淘汰D项,故选B。
5.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. (05山东)
A.is washing away B.is being washed away
C.are washing away D.are being washed away
答案:D句意为随着更多森林被毁,每年有许多良田被冲。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词,其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。
6.--________David and Vicky ________married?
--For about three years.(2003北京)
A.How long were;being B.How long have;got
C.How long have;been D.How long did;get
答案C 从答语For about three years判断,该题问的是动作持续了多久,用现在完成时,排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作,不能延续,排除B。be married表示已婚的状态,可以延续。
[命题角度]
动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。
[应对策略]
敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。
(二)根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态
7.When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. (05湖北)
A.started; had already hidden B.had started; had already hidden
C.had started; was hiding D.was starting; hid
答案:A 此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为当老人开始往家走时,太阳已经下山了。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前,即从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。故选A。
8.--- What would you do if it tomorrow? (05全国)
--- We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .
A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining
答案:B 在条件状语从句(if,as long as,even if)、时间状语从句(when,until,before,the moment)中往往用一般现在时表示将来。
9.They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏)
A.had been working; are still working B.had worked; were still working
C.have worked; were still working D.have worked; are still working
答案:A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时,表示他们一直工作了一周,强调动作的连续。故答案为A。
10.As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when and see him. (05北京)
A.you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come
答案:A本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据宾语从句应使用陈述语序,淘汰B、D 两项,又因为宾语从句come和see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态。只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作,而宾语从句中不可,因此淘汰C。
[命题角度]
近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。
[应对策略]
在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:
①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。
② 正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。
③ 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态; 如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。
(三)根据具体的语言环境选择时态
11.Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_________ that people who dont sleep well will soon get ill.(05广东)
A.showed B.will show C.has shown D.is showing
答案:C用现在完成时,关键词是recent。
12.The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I before. (05全国卷II)
A.was having B.have C.have ever had D.had ever had
答案:C在句子的情景中,表示从来没有尝过这么美味的咖啡。故选C
13.(05全国)The heros story differently in the newspapers.
A.was reported B.was reporting C.reports D.reported
答案:A句意为那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样。根据句意可判断英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事,所以用过去时的某个语态,排除C项;B、D两项为主动语态,不符合题干要求。
14.Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (04北京)
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
答案:B 根据所提供的情景but she hasnt decided yet 说明了Lucy 还在考虑这件事,要用现在完成进行时,表示动作还在继续。
[命题角度]
近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。
[应对策略]
捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。