高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思,还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的,掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式,也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。
(1)餐馆场景:
order 点菜 ;serve 上菜 ;menu 菜单; drink 喝,饮料; delicious 可口的; change 零钱; Keep the change! 不用找零钱了! ;tip 小费 ;treat 请客 (This is my treat! 我请客!It’s on me );go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) ;steak 牛排;cheese奶酪 ;sandwich 三明治;bacon 腌肉 ;soup 汤 ;chicken鸡肉; beef牛肉;bill 账单;help yourself请随便吃;plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的) appetizer 开胃物;dessert甜品,水果(作为正餐的最后一道);go out for dinner / dinner out / eat out 出去吃饭;snack bar 小吃街;大排挡;hamburger 汉堡包;coke 可口可乐; French fries 炸薯条;dining hall 食堂,餐厅;coffee shop咖啡屋 ; restaurant餐馆,饭店 ; cafeteria 自助餐厅,自助食堂;canteen餐厅,小卖部,食堂; buffet 自助餐。
(2)邮局场景:
stamp邮票;envelope 信封;package / parcel 包裹;overweight 超重;extra postage 额外邮资;send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信;delivery投递,传送;express mail 快件;EMS特快专递;airmail 航空信件; surface mail 陆地邮寄;ordinary letter平信;registered letter挂号信。
(3)图书馆场景:
library card借书卡(证),图书证;borrow借入; lend借出;keep持有,保管,存放;renew续借;return归还; bookshelf书架;novel小说;science fiction科幻小说;magazine杂志; periodical期刊;reference book参考书;librarian 图书管理员;pay a fine 交罚款;Can I help you? / What can I do for you?需要帮忙吗?
(4)医院及健康场景:
aspirin 阿司匹林;emergency department 急诊室;emergent treatment 急症治疗,急救处理;take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压;medicine西药;pills / tablets药丸/药片;heart attack 心脏病;cold / flu 流感:have/catch a cold患感冒;pain痛痛;headache头痛;stomachache肚子痛;backache背痛;sore-throat喉咙痛;cough咳嗽;fever发烧;What’s up? (多用于男生之间)/How is it going?/ How are you? 回答:I’m fine. / I feel good/terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me. 好。 I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. 不好。 (注意听语气:身体好的时候,语调上扬,语气非常欢快; 身体不好的时候,降调,语气非常郁闷。)
(5)电话场景:
operator 接线员;Extension six two two six, please.请转6226。The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 电话占线。long distance call 长途电话;collect call 对方付费的电话;put through 接通电话;hold on / up /Hold the line, please. 请稍等别挂断。Hello! This is …speaking. 您好,我是…。Who’s that speaking? 您是谁?call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb. /give sb. a call/ ring打电话;I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again.回电话;I couldn’t get through.打不通;Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.对不起,您拨错号啦。
(6)酒店场景:
make a reservation 预定房间;reception desk 接待处;check in 入住;check out 结帐;single room 单间;a double room双人间;room key房间钥匙;ID card 身份证;reception服务台;receptionist 服务员;suite套间;Do you have a reservation Sir? 先生,您预订了吗? Have you got any vacant room? (= Is there any room available here?)有空房间吗? All the room are occupied. 房间已满。Can I have a suite please?有套间吗?How much do you charge for that? 如何收费?Smoking or no smoking? 吸烟或不吸烟?Meals included. 包括饮食。Can I show you your room? 我可以带你去你的房间?Can I carry your luggage? 我可以帮你提行李吗?
(7)超速场景:
speeding超速行车;May I see your license, please? 我可以看看你的驾照,好吗?You will be fined by $20.你将处以20元的罚款。
(8)购物场景:
store 杂货店;department store 百货商场;shopping center 购物中心;Commodity information商品信息;size尺码;color颜色;style样式;price价格; What color/size/kind do you want?您需要什么样的颜色/多大尺寸/哪种?商品论贵贱expensive, cheap;价格论高低high, low;bargain便宜货;popular / fashionable 流行的;in fashion 流行,时尚;out of fashion 过时的;brand 品牌;counter 柜台;pay in cash 用现金支付;pay in check 用支票支付;credit card 信用卡;shop assistant 商店营业员;out of stock 脱销/缺货;in stock 有货。
(9)天气场景:
cloudy 阴;overcast 多云;thunder 打雷;strong/ high wind 大风;tornado 龙卷风;typhoon 台风;storm 风暴;blizzard暴风雨;It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨;shower 阵雨;clear up 天空放晴;put away clothes 下雨收衣服;weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天气;weather in California 意指好天气; 经常和天气相联系的情况:vacation(假期) 和 flight(航班) (be delayed延误/cancelled取消 by the bad weather)。
(10)机场场景:
flight 航班;Welcome on board 欢迎登机;bound for…飞往……方向去的;check in 办理登机手续;behind schedule 晚点;take off 起飞;land降落。
(11)银行场景:
deposit 存放;withdraw 提取;savings account 储蓄账户;checking account 支票账户 (regular account----普通账户等等) ;open an account 开一个帐户。
(12)在火车站(At the railway station):
train 火车;platform 站台,月台;one way trip单程;round trip往返;a hard seat 硬座;a soft seat软座。
(13)在服装店(In a clothing store/shop):
trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服;skirt裙子;shirt衬衫;jacket夹克;coat上衣;a bigger size 稍大一点的尺寸; what size 多大尺寸;this style这种式样;fit you合你身;try on试穿;match 相配;expensive 昂贵的;cheap 便宜的。
(14)常见的身份与职业:
teacher教师;professor 教授;postman 邮递员;driver司机;policeman 警察;waiter 服务员; passenger 乘客;ticket seller 售票员;conductor 售票员,列车长;secretary 秘书;clerk职员;customer 顾客;editor 编辑;doctor医生;nurse 护士;housewife 家庭主妇;lawyer律师;shop assistant 营业员;manager经理;engineer 工程师;reporter 记者。